Learn why most peptides are not orally bioavailable, the GI barriers they face, and strategies including cyclization, D-amino acids, SNAC, and nanoparticles that have achieved oral peptide delivery.
Learn the difference between in vitro and in vivo peptide research, the advantages and limitations of each, the translational hierarchy from cell culture to human studies, and ex vivo models.
Overview of peptides in sports science research covering BPC-157 injury repair, GH axis body composition, IGF-1 muscle synthesis, TB-500 recovery, and MOTS-c exercise biology.
Overview of anti-aging peptide research covering telomere-targeting Epithalon, GH axis restoration, mitochondrial peptides, NAD+ restoration, and bioregulator longevity findings.
Learn what pharmaceutical compounding is, the regulatory framework governing compounding pharmacies, how peptides intersect with compounding, and FDA regulatory actions affecting this space.
Learn how peptide patents work including composition of matter vs method-of-use protection, patent duration, approved peptide IP status, natural sequence eligibility, and the research use exception.
Learn how to critically read and evaluate peptide research papers including methods assessment, sample size evaluation, control group design, and checking for independent replication.
Complete peptide calculation guide with worked examples covering reconstitution concentration, dose volume, weight-based animal dosing, doses per vial, and serial dilution formulas.
Learn exactly what bacteriostatic water is, how it is manufactured to USP standards, why benzyl alcohol is used, and proper storage and shelf life guidance for peptide reconstitution.
Learn how to set up a peptide research protocol covering research question definition, model selection, dosing parameters, control design, endpoint specification, and IACUC approvals.
